Single split system: What is it and how it works?

Single split systems are some of  the most widely used HVAC solutions and are particularly common in residential and small commercial settings. Part of their popularity comes from their design which enables cost-effective installation, plus they can deliver reliable heating or cooling to a single area. Whether it’s homeowners, tenants, or business operators, anyone who wants targeted climate control can use a single split system as a viable alternative to more complex larger systems.

Given their importance and widespread use, it’s critical to understand how single split systems work and where they are most suited. We will cover all that in this article, along with their many benefits as well as giving some information to help property owners make the right decisions about their climate control needs.

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Single split system: What is it and how it works

A single split system is a type of HVAC that can heat or cool one indoor space. It does this using a paired indoor and outdoor unit. This is where it differs from centralised systems which use ductwork to serve multiple rooms. A single split system works independently and focuses on a specific area, whether that’s a bedroom, or office, or retail unit.

The system doesn’t generate heat but instead works by transferring it. When it’s in cooling mode, the indoor unit absorbs heat from the room and transfers it to the outdoor unit, where it is released into the surrounding air. In contrast, when in heating mode this same process is reversed, with heat taken from the outdoor air and expelled indoors. This heat transfer process works by refrigerant moving between the two units.

Because each system serves only one space, single split systems allow precise temperature control and efficient operation without unnecessary energy loss.

Key components of a single split system

A single split system relies on several core components working together to deliver consistent indoor comfort.

• Indoor unit: The indoor unit is usually mounted on a wall, the floor, or ceiling. Inside it, there is the evaporator coil and fan which distribute cooled or heated air evenly throughout the room. The best modern indoor units operate quietly and integrate into rooms in an unobtrusive way.

• Outdoor unit: The outdoor unit is installed outside the building and contains the compressor and condenser coil. Depending on whether the system is cooling or heating, it either releases or absorbs heat from the outdoor environment. Outdoor units can withstand tough weather conditions and still perform efficiently.

• Refrigerant piping: Insulated refrigerant pipes are an important part of this system as they connect the indoor and outdoor units together and allow the refrigerant to circulate. These pipes are vital to the heat transfer process.

• Thermostat or controller: The controller allows users to set and adjust temperature, as well as select the different operating modes and fan speeds. Many modern systems have  programmable timers as well as smart connectivity to enable more precise energy management.

Benefits of using a single split system

Let’s look at some of the benefits of these single split systems and why they are so popular for residential and small commercial applications.

• Energy efficiency: Single split systems minimise energy waste because they only condition the specific space that is in use. In addition, the best systems use inverter technology to boost efficiency by adjusting compressor speed to match demand. This means the system doesn’t have to operate non-stop at full capacity.

• Affordability: Single split systems have lower upfront costs compared to centralised or multi-zone HVAC systems. They are easier to install and don’t need as much modification to fit into new builds and retrofits.

• Ease of installation: Because there is not ductwork it’s much faster and easier to install. So single split systems are particularly suitable for buildings where adding ducts would not be practical.

• Quiet operation: Because the noisiest parts of the system are in the outdoor unit it keeps the indoor part much quieter. This is key in places like bedrooms or offices where noise levels affect comfort.

• Precise temperature control: Single split systems allow users to keep a consistent temperature in one specific area. This level of control is ideal for spaces that have unique patterns of use.

Ideal applications for single split systems

Single split systems are perfect for environments where individual room control is needed, and where installing a larger HVAC system would be unnecessary.

In terms of residential settings, these systems are found in bedrooms and living rooms. This means that renters and homeowners can control specific areas without affecting the entire property.

In commercial contexts, single split systems work well in small offices, retail units, clinics, and hospitality spaces. They allow business owners to tailor climate control to occupancy patterns, improving comfort while managing costs.

They are also effective for rooms with distinct thermal needs, such as server rooms, meeting spaces, or areas exposed to higher heat loads.

FAQs about single split systems

How is a single split system different from a multi-split system?

The big difference is that a single split system connects one indoor unit to one outdoor unit and it serves a single space. In contrast, a multi-split system connects multiple indoor units to one outdoor unit which allows several rooms to be conditioned independently.

Can a single split system provide both heating and cooling?

Yes. Most modern single split systems are heat pumps so they provide both heating and cooling by reversing the refrigeration cycle as needed.

Are single split systems energy efficient?

Single split systems are generally very energy efficient, particularly when they are equipped with inverter technology.

How often does a single split system need maintenance?

Routine maintenance is recommended once or twice a year and should include cleaning filters, checking refrigerant levels, and inspecting components. Carrying this out will ensure the best possible performance and lifespan of your system.

About Daikin

Daikin is a global leader in HVAC innovation, designing climate control solutions for residential, commercial, and industrial sectors. 

Daikin single split systems incorporate cutting-edge inverter technology, quiet operation, and user-friendly controls designed to meet the demands of modern living and working environments. With a strong focus on sustainability and performance, Daikin continues to set industry benchmarks for efficient, dependable HVAC solutions tailored to a wide range of applications.